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Loan Recovery Tribunal

Last updated 8 September 2026

Adalat Lawyers provides professional Loan Recovery Tribunal legal services in Nepal, representing cooperative institutions, borrowers, and concerned parties in loan recovery proceedings. Our legal team assists with case filing, loan recovery claims, legal defense, documentation, evidence, hearings, settlement, and further legal remedies before the Loan Recovery Tribunal. We handle complex cooperative loan recovery disputes with a focus on effective legal representation and timely resolution in accordance with Nepalese law.

The Loan Recovery Tribunal (कर्जा असुली न्यायाधिकरण) in Nepal is a specialized judicial forum established for the speedy, efficient, and effective resolution of loan recovery cases involving cooperative institutions. The Tribunal was established under Section 82 of the Cooperative Act, 2074 and Rule 42 of the Cooperative Rules, 2075, pursuant to a decision of the Government of Nepal.

The Loan Recovery Tribunal is located at the Cooperative Training and Research Centre premises, New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, and has been conducting its proceedings since 25 Ashadh 2082. Adalat Lawyers in Nepal.

What is the Loan Recovery Tribunal in Nepal?

The Loan Recovery Tribunal of Nepal is a specialized tribunal established to adjudicate and dispose of loan recovery cases relating to cooperative institutions. Its principal purpose is to facilitate the recovery of loans that cooperative institutions have been unable to collect from their borrowers through a specialized and comparatively speedy legal process.

The Tribunal provides a dedicated forum for resolving disputes and proceedings concerning the recovery of outstanding cooperative loans and helps promote financial discipline and accountability in Nepal's cooperative sector.

Legal Basis of the Loan Recovery Tribunal

The Loan Recovery Tribunal has been established pursuant to the following legal framework:

The official Tribunal website identifies the Cooperative Act, 2074 and Cooperative Rules, 2075 among the principal legal materials relevant to its functions and proceedings.

Composition of the Loan Recovery Tribunal

The Loan Recovery Tribunal is a three-member tribunal constituted by the Government of Nepal as prescribed by law. The official Government of Nepal website currently identifies the Tribunal's leadership as:

  • Chairperson
  • Member
  • Member

The Tribunal's current official team page records the Chairperson and two Members as the Tribunal's three principal members.

The appointment, functions, powers, and conditions of service of the Tribunal's officials are governed by the applicable laws and rules of Nepal.

Jurisdiction of the Loan Recovery Tribunal

The principal jurisdiction of the Loan Recovery Tribunal is to conduct the initial proceedings and adjudication of loan recovery cases as prescribed under the Cooperative Rules, 2075.

Its jurisdiction is therefore primarily connected with loan recovery by cooperative institutions from their borrowers.

The Tribunal may deal with matters relating to:

  • Recovery of outstanding cooperative loans;
  • Claims concerning unpaid cooperative credit;
  • Loan recovery proceedings against borrowers;
  • Supporting documents and evidence relating to cooperative loans;
  • Legal issues arising during loan recovery proceedings; and
  • Other matters falling within the Tribunal's statutory jurisdiction.

The precise jurisdiction in an individual case depends upon the applicable provisions of the Cooperative Act, 2074, Cooperative Rules, 2075, and other applicable laws.

Loan Recovery Cases Before the Tribunal

A cooperative institution seeking recovery of an outstanding loan may initiate proceedings before the Loan Recovery Tribunal where the matter falls within the Tribunal's jurisdiction.

Loan recovery cases may involve examination of documents such as:

  • Loan agreements;
  • Loan application and approval records;
  • Promissory notes or related instruments;
  • Security and collateral documents;
  • Repayment records;
  • Account statements;
  • Notices issued to borrowers;
  • Records relating to outstanding principal and interest; and
  • Other relevant evidence concerning the loan transaction.

The Tribunal examines the claim and evidence in accordance with applicable law and determines the matter within its statutory jurisdiction.

Proceedings Before the Loan Recovery Tribunal

The proceedings before the Loan Recovery Tribunal may broadly involve the following stages, subject to the applicable law and procedural requirements.

1. Filing of Complaint or Petition

The concerned cooperative institution or eligible applicant files the prescribed complaint, petition, or case before the Tribunal.

The official Loan Recovery Tribunal website provides a prescribed format for complaint/petition and publishes information concerning the procedure to be followed when filing a case.

2. Registration of the Case

After submission, the Tribunal's concerned section examines the filing and processes the case in accordance with the applicable procedural requirements.

The official Tribunal website maintains a dedicated case-registration section and provides information concerning the procedures to be followed by petitioners.

3. Notice to the Borrower or Respondent

After registration and as required by law, notice may be issued to the concerned borrower or other respondent, providing an opportunity to respond to the claim.

4. Submission of Defense and Evidence

The respondent may present its defense and submit relevant documents and evidence in accordance with the applicable procedure.

The Tribunal may examine loan documents, repayment records, account statements, security documents, notices, correspondence, and other relevant evidence.

5. Hearing of the Parties

The Tribunal hears the parties and considers their factual and legal submissions.

Parties may be represented by lawyers or authorized representatives in accordance with applicable law and procedure.

6. Examination and Adjudication

The Tribunal examines the claim, defense, evidence, applicable legal provisions, and other relevant matters before determining the loan recovery dispute within its jurisdiction.

7. Settlement and Mediation

The official Government of Nepal description states that the Tribunal may also resolve loan recovery disputes through conciliation/settlement along with applicable legal procedures. This provides an additional mechanism for resolving appropriate disputes efficiently.

8. Decision of the Tribunal

After completing the required proceedings, the Tribunal makes its decision in accordance with applicable law.

The Tribunal's specialized jurisdiction is intended to facilitate the timely disposal of cooperative loan recovery cases and contribute to reducing the burden of ordinary courts.

Documents for Loan Recovery Proceedings

Depending on the nature of the case, relevant documents may include:

  • Cooperative registration and authorization documents;
  • Borrower's loan application;
  • Loan approval documents;
  • Loan agreement;
  • Security or collateral documents;
  • Account statements;
  • Repayment records;
  • Calculation of outstanding loan;
  • Demand or recovery notices;
  • Correspondence with the borrower;
  • Board or authorized institutional decisions, where relevant; and
  • Other documents required under applicable law and Tribunal procedure.

The exact documents required should be determined according to the particular case and the Tribunal's prescribed filing requirements.

Legal Representation Before the Loan Recovery Tribunal

Loan recovery proceedings can involve substantial financial, contractual, documentary, and procedural issues. Legal representation before the Loan Recovery Tribunal can assist cooperative institutions and concerned parties with:

  • Reviewing loan and security documents;
  • Assessing the legal basis for loan recovery;
  • Preparing complaints and petitions;
  • Preparing responses and legal defenses;
  • Organizing documentary evidence;
  • Representing clients during hearings;
  • Advising on settlement or conciliation;
  • Monitoring procedural and limitation requirements; and
  • Advising on further legal remedies following the Tribunal's decision.

Importance of the Loan Recovery Tribunal in Nepal

The establishment of the Loan Recovery Tribunal represents a specialized mechanism for addressing cooperative loan recovery disputes in Nepal. According to the official Government of Nepal description, the Tribunal is intended to provide speedy, efficient, and effective initial adjudication and disposal of loan recovery cases, while also supporting financial discipline in the cooperative sector and reducing the workload of ordinary courts.

Loan Recovery Tribunal Lawyer in Nepal

A Loan Recovery Tribunal lawyer in Nepal can represent cooperative institutions, borrowers, and other concerned parties in proceedings falling within the Tribunal's jurisdiction. Legal assistance may cover case assessment, drafting and filing, evidence preparation, hearings, settlement negotiations, and further legal remedies.

For cooperative institutions seeking to recover outstanding loans, timely legal assessment is particularly important to ensure that the claim, supporting documents, procedural requirements, and applicable legal remedies are properly addressed.

Conclusion

The Loan Recovery Tribunal of Nepal is a specialized three-member tribunal established by the Government of Nepal under the Cooperative Act, 2074 and Cooperative Rules, 2075 for the speedy and effective adjudication of cooperative loan recovery cases. The Tribunal operates from New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, and exercises the jurisdiction prescribed under the applicable cooperative laws and rules.

Cooperative institutions and borrowers involved in loan recovery proceedings should carefully consider the applicable law, filing requirements, evidence, notices, hearings, settlement opportunities, and available legal remedies. Professional legal representation can help ensure that proceedings before the Loan Recovery Tribunal are properly prepared and effectively presented.

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